Most Cited IP Law Articles over the Last 10 Years

Guest Post by Ted Sichelman, University of San Diego School of Law

Recently, I undertook a project at my law school to assess the impact of our faculty’s publications. Building off of this work, I put together lists of the most cited IP law articles over the last decade (using HeinOnline).

Below are the most cited IP articles published from 2004-2008 and 2009-2013 (with embedded HeinOnline links to the articles). I report the top 25 most-cited IP articles published in each time period as well as the top 20 most-cited articles (with a minimum of 20 citations) in copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret law.

In determining whether an article fell into the “IP” category, I performed searches using various keywords and then ranked the results by citation count. I then reviewed the title and often the content of each highly cited article in the result sets, excluding from the lists all articles (unless they primarily addressed an IP issue) in cyberlaw, antitrust, privacy, telecom, the First Amendment, as well as other non-IP fields. In classifying articles in each sub-category, I only included those articles that mainly addressed exactly one of the following topics: copyright, patent, trademark, or trade secret law (this required some judgment, but no more than a few of the articles were close calls in my view).

Note that the citation counts only reflect citations to published law review articles, and not books, cases, practitioner materials, unpublished articles, non-law articles, and other sources. As a check, I ran about 15 articles through Lexis and generally found the citation counts on HeinOnline were within 10% of those tabulated in Lexis’s “Law Review and Journals” category—the older articles typically had slightly higher citation counts on HeinOnline and the newer articles had slightly higher citation counts on Lexis, but it does not appear that the rankings would change much using Lexis. (Indeed, using Lexis for this sort of study would be nearly impossible to do from scratch, as there is no simple way to re-order the result list by citation count on Lexis, or Google Scholar for that matter. Westlaw does allow re-ordering of results by citation count but does not display the actual citation count in the result list, making it too time-consuming to use.)

Last, I only report total citations, which biases the rankings towards older articles in each sub-period (for example, an article from 2009 had roughly five years to be cited compared to roughly one year for an article published in 2013). Because I had to review many non-IP articles to put these lists together, it would have been too much work to review more articles (i.e., with fewer overall citations) on the chance that their adjusted citation counts were high enough to justify inclusion. However, I plan to update these lists annually (and add an “international IP” sub-category), so more recent articles that are highly cited will appear in later iterations.

I apologize in advance for any errors or omissions—if you believe an article should be included, please let me know (tsichelman@sandiego.edu), and I’ll do my best to promptly make any deserving corrections.

All Intellectual Property Law: 2004-2008

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	345	Lemley, Mark A.	Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding [article]	83 Tex. L. Rev. 1031 (2005)
2	230	Lemley, Mark A.; Shapiro, Carl	Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking [article]	85 Tex. L. Rev. 1991 (2007)
3	198	Lemley, Mark A.; Reese, R. Anthony	Reducing Digital Copyright Infringement Without Restricting Innovation [article]	56 Stan. L. Rev. 1345 (2004)
4	195	Frischman, Brett M.; Lemley, Mark A.	Spillovers [comments]	107 Colum. L. Rev. 257 (2007)
5	180	Tushnet, Rebecca	Copy This Essay: How Fair Use Doctrine Harms Free Speech and How Copying Serves It [comments]	114 Yale L.J. 535 (2004)
6	176	Helfer, Laurence R.	Regime Shifting: The TRIPs Agreement and New Dynamics of International Intellectual Property Lawmaking [article]	29 Yale J. Int'l L. 1 (2004)
7	174	Dogan, Stacey L.; Lemley, Mark A.	Trademarks and Consumer Search Costs on the Internet [article]	41 Hous. L. Rev. 777 (2004)
8	157	Raustiala, Kal; Sprigman, Christopher	Piracy and Paradox: Innovation and Intellectual Property in Fashion Design, The [article]	92 Va. L. Rev. 1687 (2006)
8	157	Gibson, James	Risk Aversion and Rights Accretion in Intellectual Property Law [article]	116 Yale L.J. 882 (2007)
10	151	Sprigman, Christopher	Reform(aliz)ing Copyright [article]	57 Stan. L. Rev. 485 (2004)
11	149	Lemley, Mark A.	Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Justifications for Intellectual Property [comments]	71 U. Chi. L. Rev. 129 (2004)
12	146	Wagner, R. Polk; Petherbridge, Lee	Is the Federal Circuit Succeeding - An Empirical Assessment of Judicial Performance [article]	152 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1105 (2004)
13	143	Lemley, Mark A.; Moore, Kimberly A.	Ending Abuse of Patent Continuations [article]	84 B.U. L. Rev. 63 (2004)
14	140	Carrier, Michael A.	Cabining Intellectual Property Through a Property Paradigm [article]	54 Duke L.J. 1 (2004)
15	138	Allison, John R.; Lemley, Mark A.; Moore, Kimberly A.; Trunkey, R. Derek	Valuable Patents [article]	92 Geo. L.J. 435 (2004)
16	131	Beebe, Barton	Empirical Study of U.S. Copyright Fair Use Opinions, 1978-2005, An [article]	156 U. Pa. L. Rev. 549 (2008)
17	129	McKenna, Mark P.	Normative Foundations of Trademark Law, The [article]	82 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1839 (2007)
18	127	Moore, Kimberly A.	Markman Eight Years Later: Is Claim Construction More Predictable [article]	9 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 231 (2005)
19	124	Chander, Anupam; Sunder, Madhavi	Romance of the Public Domain, The [article]	92 Calif. L. Rev. 1331 (2004)
20	123	Schwartz, David L.	Practice Makes Perfect - An Empirical Study of Claim Construction Reversal Rates in Patent Cases [article]	107 Mich. L. Rev. 223 (2008)
21	121	Strandburg, Katherine J.	What Does the Public Get - Experimental Use and the Patent Bargain [article]	2004 Wis. L. Rev. 81 (2004)
21	121	Smith, Henry E.	Intellectual Property as Property: Delineating Entitlements in Information [article]	116 Yale L.J. 1742 (2007)
23	115	Parchomovsky, Gideon; Wagner, R. Polk	Patent Portfolios [article]	154 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (2005)
24	110	Madison, Michael J.	Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use, A [article]	45 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1525 (2004)
25	106	Beebe, Barton	Empirical Study of the Multifactor Tests for Trademark Infringement, An [article]	94 Calif. L. Rev. 1581 (2006)

All Intellectual Property Law: 2009-2013

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	99	Samuelson, Pamela	Unbundling Fair Uses [article]	77 Fordham L. Rev. 2537 (2009)
2	91	Samuelson, Pamela; Wheatland, Tara	Statutory Damages in Copyright Law: A Remedy in Need of Reform [article]	51 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 439 (2009)
3	79	Sichelman, Ted	Commercializing Patents [article]	62 Stan. L. Rev. 341 (2010)
4	78	Balganesh, Shyamkrishna	Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives [article]	122 Harv. L. Rev. 1569 (2009)
5	73	Burk, Dan L.; Lemley, Mark A.	Fence Posts or Sign Posts - Rethinking Patient Claim Construction [article]	157 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1743 (2009)
6	72	Graham, Stuart J.H.; Merges, Robert P.; Samuelson, Pam; Sichelman, Ted	High Technology Entrepreneurs and the Patent System: Results of the 2008 Berkeley Patent Survey [article]	24 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1255 (2009)
6	72	Golden, John M.	Supreme Court as Prime Percolator: A Prescription for Appellate Review of Questions in Patent Law, The [article]	56 UCLA L. Rev. 657 (2009)
8	68	Fromer, Jeanne C.	Patent Disclosure [article]	94 Iowa L. Rev. 539 (2009)
9	67	Cotropia, Christopher A.; Lemley, Mark A.	Copying in Patent Law [article]	87 N.C. L. Rev. 1421 (2009)
10	66	Hemphill, C. Scott; Suk, Jeannie	Law, Culture, and Economics of Fashion, The [article]	61 Stan. L. Rev. 1147 (2009)
11	64	Chien, Colleen V.	Of Trolls, Davids, Goliaths, and Kings: Narratives and Evidence in the Litigation of High-Tech Patents [article]	87 N.C. L. Rev. 1571 (2009)
12	62	Beebe, Barton	Intellectual Property Law and the Sumptuary Code [article]	123 Harv. L. Rev. 809 (2010)
13	58	Lemley, Mark A.; Risch, Michael; Sichelman, Ted; Wagner, R. Polk	Life After Bilski [article]	63 Stan. L. Rev. 1315 (2011)
14	55	Lemley, Mark A.; McKenna, Mark	Irrelevant Confusion [article]	62 Stan. L. Rev. 413 (2010)
15	54	Tushnet, Rebecca	Economies of Desire: Fair Use and Marketplace Assumption [article]	51 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 513 (2009)
16	52	Madison, Michael J.; Frischmann, Brett M.; Strandburg, Katherine J.	Constructing Commons in the Cultural Environment [article]	95 Cornell L. Rev. 657 (2010)
17	49	Chien, Colleen V.	From Arms Race to Marketplace: The Complex Patent Ecosystem and Its Implications for the Patent System [article]	62 Hastings L.J. 297 (2010)
17	49	Roin, Benjamin N.	Unpatentable Drugs and the Standards of Patentability [article]	87 Tex. L. Rev. 503 (2009)
17	49	Golden, John M.	Principles for Patent Remedies [article]	88 Tex. L. Rev. 505 (2010)
20	47	Lee, Peter	Patent Law and the Two Cultures [article]	120 Yale L.J. 2 (2010)
21	46	Allison, John R.; Lemley, Mark A.; Walker, Joshua	Extreme Value or Trolls on Top - The Characteristics of the Most-Litigated Patents [article]	158 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (2009)
22	45	Hemphill, C. Scott	Aggregate Approach to Antitrust: Using New Data and Rulemaking To Preserve Drug Competition, An [article]	109 Colum. L. Rev. 629 (2009)
23	44	Adler, Amy M.	Against Moral Rights [comments]	97 Calif. L. Rev. 263 (2009)
23	44	Allison, John R.; Lemley, Mark A.; Walker, Joshua	Patent Quality and Settlement Among Repeat Patent Litigants [article]	99 Geo. L.J. 677 (2011)
23	44	Fromer, Jeanne C.	Claiming Intellectual Property [article]	76 U. Chi. L. Rev. 719 (2009)
23	44	Yu, Peter K.	Graduated Response, The [article]	62 Fla. L. Rev. 1373 (2010)

Copyright Law: 2004-2008

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	198	Lemley, Mark A.; Reese, R. Anthony	Reducing Digital Copyright Infringement Without Restricting Innovation [article]	56 Stan. L. Rev. 1345 (2004)
2	180	Tushnet, Rebecca	Copy This Essay: How Fair Use Doctrine Harms Free Speech and How Copying Serves It [comments]	114 Yale L.J. 535 (2004)
3	157	Raustiala, Kal; Sprigman, Christopher	Piracy and Paradox: Innovation and Intellectual Property in Fashion Design, The [article]	92 Va. L. Rev. 1687 (2006)
4	151	Sprigman, Christopher	Reform(aliz)ing Copyright [article]	57 Stan. L. Rev. 485 (2004)
5	131	Beebe, Barton	Empirical Study of U.S. Copyright Fair Use Opinions, 1978-2005, An [article]	156 U. Pa. L. Rev. 549 (2008)
6	110	Madison, Michael J.	Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use, A [article]	45 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1525 (2004)
7	88	Urban, Jennifer M.; Quilter, Laura	Efficient Process or Chilling Effects - Takedown Notices Under Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act [comments]	22 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 621 (2006)
8	84	Cohen, Julie E.	Creativity and Culture in Copyright Theory [article]	40 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1151 (2007)
9	81	Litman, Jessica	Lawful Personal Use [article]	85 Tex. L. Rev. 1871 (2007)
10	80	Wu, Timothy	Copyright's Communications Policy [article]	103 Mich. L. Rev. 278 (2004)
11	77	Litman, Jessica	Sharing and Stealing [article]	27 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 1 (2004)
12	76	Van Houweling, Molly Shaffer	Distributive Values in Copyright [article]	83 Tex. L. Rev. 1535 (2005)
13	75	Carroll, Michael W.	Fixing Fair Use [article]	85 N.C. L. Rev. 1087 (2007)
14	72	Liu, Joseph P.	Regulatory Copyright [article]	83 N.C. L. Rev. 87 (2004)
15	72	Parchomovsky, Gideon; Goldman, Kevin A.	Fair Use Harbors [comments]	93 Va. L. Rev. 1483 (2007)
16	71	Yoo, Christopher S.	Copyright and Product Differentiation [article]	79 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 212 (2004)
17	70	Kwall, Roberta Rosenthal	Inspiration and Innovation: The Intrinsic Dimension of the Artistic Soul [article]	81 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1945 (2006)
18	69	Elkin-Koren, Niva	What Contracts Cannot Do: The Limits of Private Ordering in Facilitating a Creative Commons [comments]	74 Fordham L. Rev. 375 (2005)
19	65	Patry, William F.; Posner, Richard A.	Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of Eldred [article]	92 Calif. L. Rev. 1639 (2004)
20	63	Arewa, Olufunmilayo B.	From J.C. Bach to Hip Hop: Musical Borrowing, Copyright and Cultural Context [article]	84 N.C. L. Rev. 547 (2006)
20	63	Rigamonti, Cyrill P.	Deconstructing Moral Rights [article]	47 Harv. Int'l L.J. 353 (2006)
20	63	Tehranian, John	Infringement Nation: Copyright Reform and the Law/Norm Gap [comments]	2007 Utah L. Rev. 537 (2007)

Copyright Law: 2009-2013

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	99	Samuelson, Pamela	Unbundling Fair Uses [article]	77 Fordham L. Rev. 2537 (2009)
2	91	Samuelson, Pamela; Wheatland, Tara	Statutory Damages in Copyright Law: A Remedy in Need of Reform [article]	51 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 439 (2009)
3	78	Balganesh, Shyamkrishna	Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives [article]	122 Harv. L. Rev. 1569 (2009)
4	54	Tushnet, Rebecca	Economies of Desire: Fair Use and Marketplace Assumption [article]	51 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 513 (2009)
5	44	Adler, Amy M.	Against Moral Rights [comments]	97 Calif. L. Rev. 263 (2009)
6	44	Yu, Peter K.	Graduated Response, The [article]	62 Fla. L. Rev. 1373 (2010)
7	40	Samuelson, Pamela	Copyright Principles Project: Directions for Reform, The [article]	25 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1175 (2010)
8	40	Tushnet, Rebecca	Worth a Thousand Words: The Images of Copyright [article]	125 Harv. L. Rev. 683 (2012)
9	38	Litman, Jessica	Real Copyright Reform [article]	96 Iowa L. Rev. 1 (2010)
9	38	Perzanowski, Aaron; Schultz, Jason	Digital Exhaustion [article]	58 UCLA L. Rev. 889 (2011)
11	31	Samuelson, Pamela	Google Book Search and the Future of Books in Cyberspace [article]	94 Minn. L. Rev. 1308 (2010)
11	31	Bridy, Annemarie	Graduated Response and the Turn to Private Ordering in Online Copyright Enforcement [article]	89 Or. L. Rev. 81 (2010)
13	30	Lee, Edward	Decoding the DMCA Safe Harbors [article]	32 Colum. J.L. & Arts 233 (2009)
13	30	Seltzer, Wendy	Free Speech Unmoored in Copyright's Safe Harbor: Chilling Effects of the DMCA on the First Amendment [article]	24 Harv. J. L. & Tech. 171 (2010)
15	28	Rothman, Jennifer E.	Liberating Copyright: Thinking Beyond Free Speech [article]	95 Cornell L. Rev. 463 (2010)
15	28	Depoorter, Ben	Technology and Uncertainty: The Shaping Effect on Copyright Law [article]	157 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1831 (2009)
15	28	Van Houweling, Molly Shaffer	Author Autonomy and Atomism in Copyright Law [article]	96 Va. L. Rev. 549 (2010)
18	27	Netanel, Neil Weinstock	Making Sense of Fair Use [article]	15 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 715 (2011)
19	26	Sag, Matthew	Copyright and Copy-Reliant Technology [article]	103 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1607 (2009)
19	26	Parchomovsky, Gideon; Stein, Alex	Originality [article]	95 Va. L. Rev. 1505 (2009)

Patent Law: 2004-2008

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	345	Lemley, Mark A.	Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding [article]	83 Tex. L. Rev. 1031 (2005)
2	230	Lemley, Mark A.; Shapiro, Carl	Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking [article]	85 Tex. L. Rev. 1991 (2007)
3	146	Wagner, R. Polk; Petherbridge, Lee	Is the Federal Circuit Succeeding - An Empirical Assessment of Judicial Performance [article]	152 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1105 (2004)
4	143	Lemley, Mark A.; Moore, Kimberly A.	Ending Abuse of Patent Continuations [article]	84 B.U. L. Rev. 63 (2004)
5	138	Allison, John R.; Lemley, Mark A.; Moore, Kimberly A.; Trunkey, R. Derek	Valuable Patents [article]	92 Geo. L.J. 435 (2004)
6	127	Moore, Kimberly A.	Markman Eight Years Later: Is Claim Construction More Predictable [article]	9 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 231 (2005)
7	123	Schwartz, David L.	Practice Makes Perfect - An Empirical Study of Claim Construction Reversal Rates in Patent Cases [article]	107 Mich. L. Rev. 223 (2008)
8	121	Strandburg, Katherine J.	What Does the Public Get - Experimental Use and the Patent Bargain [article]	2004 Wis. L. Rev. 81 (2004)
9	115	Parchomovsky, Gideon; Wagner, R. Polk	Patent Portfolios [article]	154 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (2005)
10	100	Nard, Craig Allen; Duffy, John F.	Rethinking Patent Law's Uniformity Principle [article]	101 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1619 (2007)
10	100	Hemphill, C. Scott	Paying for Delay: Pharmaceutical Patent Settlement as a Regulatory Design Problem [article]	81 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1553 (2006)
12	99	Benjamin, Stuart Minor; Rai, Arti K.	Who's Afraid of the APA - What the Patent System Can Learn from Administrative Law [article]	95 Geo. L.J. 269 (2007)
13	95	Duffy, John F.	Rethinking the Prospect Theory of Patents [article]	71 U. Chi. L. Rev. 439 (2004)
14	94	Lichtman, Doug; Lemley, Mark A.	Rethinking Patent Law's Presumption of Validity [article]	60 Stan. L. Rev. 45 (2007)
15	91	Golden, John M.	Patent Trolls and Patent Remedies [comments]	85 Tex. L. Rev. 2111 (2007)
16	87	Farrell, Joseph; Merges, Robert P.	Incentives To Challenge and Defend Patents: Why Litigation Won't Reliably Fix Patent Office Errors and Why Administrative Patent Review Might Help [article]	19 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 943 (2004)
17*	85	Holbrook, Timothy R.	Possession in Patent Law [article]	59 S.M.U. L. Rev. 123 (2006)
18	80	McDonough, James F, III	Myth of the Patent Troll: An Alternative View of the Function of Patent Dealers in an Idea Economy, The [comments]	56 Emory L.J. 189 (2006)
19	76	Lemley, Mark A.	Ignoring Patents [article]	2008 Mich. St. L. Rev. 19 (2008)
20	75	Mandel, Gregory N.	Patently Non-Obvious: Empirical Demonstration that the Hindsight Bias Renders Patent Decisions Irrational [article]	67 Ohio St. L.J. 1391 (2006)
21	72	Mann, Ronald J.	Do Patents Facilitate Financing in the Software Industry [article]	83 Tex. L. Rev. 961 (2005)

* This article was added to the list based upon an error in the citation count on HeinOnline discovered after this post originally appeared, which necessitated re-ranking all articles with fewer citations.


Patent Law: 2009-2013

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	79	Sichelman, Ted	Commercializing Patents [article]	62 Stan. L. Rev. 341 (2010)
2	73	Burk, Dan L.; Lemley, Mark A.	Fence Posts or Sign Posts - Rethinking Patient Claim Construction [article]	157 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1743 (2009)
3	72	Graham, Stuart J.H.; Merges, Robert P.; Samuelson, Pam; Sichelman, Ted	High Technology Entrepreneurs and the Patent System: Results of the 2008 Berkeley Patent Survey [article]	24 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1255 (2009)
3	72	Golden, John M.	Supreme Court as Prime Percolator: A Prescription for Appellate Review of Questions in Patent Law, The [article]	56 UCLA L. Rev. 657 (2009)
5	68	Fromer, Jeanne C.	Patent Disclosure [article]	94 Iowa L. Rev. 539 (2009)
6	67	Cotropia, Christopher A.; Lemley, Mark A.	Copying in Patent Law [article]	87 N.C. L. Rev. 1421 (2009)
7	64	Chien, Colleen V.	Of Trolls, Davids, Goliaths, and Kings: Narratives and Evidence in the Litigation of High-Tech Patents [article]	87 N.C. L. Rev. 1571 (2009)
8	58	Lemley, Mark A.; Risch, Michael; Sichelman, Ted; Wagner, R. Polk	Life After Bilski [article]	63 Stan. L. Rev. 1315 (2011)
9	49	Chien, Colleen V.	From Arms Race to Marketplace: The Complex Patent Ecosystem and Its Implications for the Patent System [article]	62 Hastings L.J. 297 (2010)
9	49	Roin, Benjamin N.	Unpatentable Drugs and the Standards of Patentability [article]	87 Tex. L. Rev. 503 (2009)
9	49	Golden, John M.	Principles for Patent Remedies [article]	88 Tex. L. Rev. 505 (2010)
12	47	Lee, Peter	Patent Law and the Two Cultures [article]	120 Yale L.J. 2 (2010)
13	46	Allison, John R.; Lemley, Mark A.; Walker, Joshua	Extreme Value or Trolls on Top - The Characteristics of the Most-Litigated Patents [article]	158 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (2009)
14	45	Hemphill, C. Scott	Aggregate Approach to Antitrust: Using New Data and Rulemaking to Preserve Drug Competition, An [article]	109 Colum. L. Rev. 629 (2009)
15	44	Allison, John R.; Lemley, Mark A.; Walker, Joshua	Patent Quality and Settlement Among Repeat Patent Litigants [article]	99 Geo. L.J. 677 (2011)
15	44	Fromer, Jeanne C.	Claiming Intellectual Property [article]	76 U. Chi. L. Rev. 719 (2009)
17	43	Schwartz, David L.	Courting Specialization: An Empirical Study of Claim Construction Comparing Patent Litigation Before Federal District Courts and the International Trade Commission [article]	50 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1699 (2009)
18	42	Cotropia, Christopher A.	Modernizing Patent Law's Inequitable Conduct Doctrine [article]	24 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 723 (2009)
18	42	Nard, Craig Allen	Legal Forms and the Common Law of Patents [article]	90 B.U. L. Rev. 51 (2010)
18	42	Abramowicz, Michael; Duffy, John F.	Inducement Standard of Patentability, The [article]	120 Yale L.J. 1590 (2011)

Trademark Law: 2004-2008

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	174	Dogan, Stacey L.; Lemley, Mark A.	Trademarks and Consumer Search Costs on the Internet [article]	41 Hous. L. Rev. 777 (2004)
2	129	McKenna, Mark P.	Normative Foundations of Trademark Law, The [article]	82 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1839 (2007)
3	106	Beebe, Barton	Empirical Study of the Multifactor Tests for Trademark Infringement, An [article]	94 Calif. L. Rev. 1581 (2006)
4	104	Dogan, Stacey L.; Lemley, Mark A.	Merchandising Right: Fragile Theory or Fait Accompli, The [article]	54 Emory L.J. 461 (2005)
5	101	Goldman, Eric	Deregulating Relevancy in Internet Trademark Law [article]	54 Emory L.J. 507 (2005)
6	95	Beebe, Barton	Semiotic Analysis of Trademark Law, The [article]	51 UCLA L. Rev. 621 (2004)
7	90	Tushnet, Rebecca	Gone in Sixty Milliseconds: Trademark Law and Cognitive Science [article]	86 Tex. L. Rev. 507 (2008)
8	89	Bone, Robert G.	Hunting Goodwill: A History of the Concept of Goodwill in Trademark Law [article]	86 B.U. L. Rev. 547 (2006)
9	86	Bone, Robert G.	Enforcement Costs and Trademark Puzzles [article]	90 Va. L. Rev. 2099 (2004)
10	83	Dinwoodie, Graeme B.; Janis, Mark D.	Confusion over Use: Contextualism in Trademark Law [article]	92 Iowa L. Rev. 1597 (2007)
11	82	Bartow, Ann	Likelihood of Confusion [article]	41 San Diego L. Rev. 721 (2004)
12	78	Dogan, Stacey L.; Lemley, Mark A.	What the Right of Publicity Can Learn from Trademark Law [article]	58 Stan. L. Rev. 1161 (2006)
13	76	Rothman, Jennifer E.	Initial Interest Confusion: Standing at the Crossroads of Trademark Law [article]	27 Cardozo L. Rev. 105 (2005)
14	73	Dogan, Stacey L.; Lemley, Mark A.	Grounding Trademark Law Through Trademark Use [article]	92 Iowa L. Rev. 1669 (2007)
15	69	Long, Clarisa	Dilution [article]	106 Colum. L. Rev. 1029 (2006)
16	68	McGeveran, William	Rethinking Trademark Fair Use [article]	94 Iowa L. Rev. 49 (2008)
17	66	Barrett, Margreth	Internet Trademark Suits and the Demise of Trademark Use [article]	39 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 371 (2006)
18	52	Beebe, Barton	Search and Persuasion in Trademark Law [comments]	103 Mich. L. Rev. 2020 (2005)
19	51	Austin, Graeme W.	Trademarks and the Burdened Imagination [article]	69 Brook. L. Rev. 827 (2004)
20	45	Leval, Pierre N.	Trademark: Champion of Free Speech [article]	27 Colum. J.L. & Arts 187 (2004)

Trademark Law: 2009-2013

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	62	Beebe, Barton	Intellectual Property Law and the Sumptuary Code [article]	123 Harv. L. Rev. 809 (2010)
2	55	Lemley, Mark A.; McKenna, Mark	Irrelevant Confusion [article]	62 Stan. L. Rev. 413 (2010)
3	35	Lemley, Mark A.; McKenna, Mark	Owning Mark(et)s [article]	109 Mich. L. Rev. 137 (2010)
4	34	McKenna, Mark P.	Trademark Use and the Problem of Source [article]	2009 U. Ill. L. Rev. 773 (2009)
5	33	Fagundes, David	Crystals in the Public Domain [article]	50 B.C. L. Rev. 139 (2009)
6	30	McKenna, Mark P.	Testing Modern Trademark Law's Theory of Harm [article]	95 Iowa L. Rev. 63 (2009)
7	29	Heymann, Laura A.	Public's Domain in Trademark Law: A First Amendment Theory of the Consumer, The [article]	43 Ga. L. Rev. 651 (2009)
8	26	Dinwoodie, Graeme B.	Developing Defenses in Trademark Law [article]	13 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 99 (2009)
9	26	Grinvald, Leah Chan	Shaming Trademark Bullies [article]	2011 Wis. L. Rev. 625 (2011)
10	23	Gerhardt, Deborah R.	Consumer Investment in Trademarks [article]	88 N.C. L. Rev. 427 (2010)
11	22	Tushnet, Rebecca	Running the Gamut from A to B: Federal Trademark and False Advertising Law [article]	159 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1305 (2011)

Trade Secret Law: 2004-2013*

Rank	Cites	Author(s)	Title	Journal
1	56	Lemley, Mark A.	Surprising Virtues of Treating Trade Secrets as IP Rights, The [article]	61 Stan. L. Rev. 311 (2008)
2	33	Levine, David S.	Secrecy and Unaccountability: Trade Secrets in Our Public Infrastructure [article]	59 Fla. L. Rev. 135 (2007)
2	33	Risch, Michael	Why Do We Have Trade Secrets [article]	11 Marq. Intell. Prop. L. Rev. 1 (2007)
4	28	Epstein, Richard A.	Constitutional Protection of Trade Secrets Under the Takings Clause, The [comments]	71 U. Chi. L. Rev. 57 (2004)
5	26	Samuelson, Pamela	Principles for Resolving Conflicts Between Trade Secrets and the First Amendment [article]	58 Hastings L.J. 777 (2006)
6	23	Rustad, Michael L.	Negligent Enablement of Trade Secret Misappropriation, The [comments]	22 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 455 (2005)

* No trade secret law articles published in 2009 or later had more than 20 citations.